Environmental studies

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons, but they have different numbers of neutrons, therefore a differing mass amount as well. One element can have more than one isotope. For example Carbon-14 is an isotope

The mean oxygen consumption rate levels were collected for 83 wild-caught crayfish, Orconectes propinquus, that were acclimated to either high (20 to 25˚C) or low (3 to 5˚C) temperatures. The crayfish acclimated to higher temperatures, had a mean oxygen consumption

Acid rain is precipitation that has increased acidic levels. This can occur not only in the form of rain, but as snow, sleet, hail or any other type of precipitation. This acidity is a result of pollution in the air

A new study by Siviter et al ¹ is one of its first to represent data showing the natural variation in environmental factors during embryonic development, and how it may impact upon the development of behavioural traits during the ontogeny

The growth of industrialized factory farming has been substantial in the past decade. The number of dairy cows on factory farms increased by 100% and the average-sized dairy factory farm increased by 50% between 1997 and 2012. The number of